Monday, December 30, 2019
Bitwise Operations in VB.NET
VB.NET doesnt support bit level operations directly. Framework 1.1 (VB.NET 2003) introduced bit shift operators ( and ), but no general purpose way to manipulate individual bits is available. Bit operations can be very useful. For example, your program might have to interface with another system that requires bit manipulation. But in addition, there are a lot of tricks that can be done using individual bits. This article surveys what can be done with bit manipulation using VB.NET. You need to understand bitwise operators before anything else. In VB.NET, these are: And Or Xor Not Bitwise simply means that the operations can be performed on two binary numbers bit by bit. Microsoft uses truth tables to document bitwise operations. The truth table for And is: 1st Bit   2nd Bit   Result    1      1      1    1      0      0    0      1      0    0      0      0 In my school, they taught Karnaugh maps instead. The Karnaugh map for all four operations are shown in the illustration below. --------Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return-------- Heres a simple example using the And operation with two, four bit binary numbers: The result of 1100 And 1010 is 1000. Thats because 1 And 1 is 1 (the first bit) and the rest are 0. To begin with, lets take a look at the bit operations that are directly supported in VB.NET: bit shifting. Although both left shift and right shift are available, they work the same way so only left shift will be discussed. Bit shifting is most often used in cryptography, image processing and communications. VB.NETs bit shifting operations ... Only work with the four types of integers: Byte, Short, Integer, and Long Are arithmetic shifting operations. That means that bits shifted past the end of the result are thrown away, and the bit positions opened up on the other end are set to zero. The alternative is called circular bit shifting and the bits shifted past one end are simply added to the other. VB.NET doesnt support circular bit shifting directly. If you need it, youll have to code it the old fashioned way: multiplying or dividing by 2. Never generate an overflow exception. VB.NET takes care of any possible problems and Ill show you what that means. As noted, you can code your own bit shifting by multiplying or dividing by 2, but if you use the code your own approach, you have to test for overflow exceptions that can cause your program to crash. A standard bit shifting operation would look something like this: Dim StartingValue As Integer 14913080Dim ValueAfterShifting As IntegerValueAfterShifting StartingValue 50 In words, this operation takes the binary value 0000 0000 1110 0011 1000 1110 0011 1000 (14913080 is the equivalent decimal value - notice that its just a series of 3 0s and 3 1s repeated a few times) and shifts it 50 places left. But since an Integer is only 32 bits long, shifting it 50 places is meaningless. VB.NET solves this problem by masking the shift count with a standard value that matches the data type being used. In this case, ValueAfterShifting is an Integer so the maximum that can be shifted is 32 bits. The standard mask value that works is 31 decimal or 11111. Masking means that the value, in this case 50, is Anded with the mask. This gives the maximum number of bits that can actually be shifted for that data type. In decimal: 50 And 31 is 18 - The maximum number of bits that can be shifted It actually makes more sense in binary. The high order bits that cant be used for the shifting operation are simply stripped away. 110010 And 11111 is 10010 When the code snippet is executed, the result is 954204160 or, in binary, 0011 1000 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000. The 18 bits on the left side of the first binary number are shifted off and the 14 bits on the right side are shifted left. The other big problem with shifting bits is what happens when the number of places to shift is a negative number. Lets use -50 as the number of bits to shift and see what happens. ValueAfterShifting StartingValue -50 When this code snippet is executed, we get -477233152 or 1110 0011 1000 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 in binary. The number has been shifted 14 places left. Why 14? VB.NET assumes that the number of places is an unsigned integer and does an And operation with the same mask (31 for Integers). 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 11100000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1111(And)----------------------------------0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1110 1110 in binary is 14 decimal. Notice that this is the reverse of shifting a positive 50 places. On the next page, we move on to some other bit operations, starting with Xor Encryption! I mentioned that one use of bit operations is encryption. Xor encryption is a popular and simple way to encrypt a file. In my article, Very Simple Encryption using VB.NET, I show you a better way using string manipulation instead. But Xor encryption is so common that it deserves to at least be explained. Encrypting a text string means translating it into another text string that doesnt have an obvious relationship to the first one. You also need a way to decrypt it again. Xor encryption translates the binary ASCII code for each character in the string into another character using the Xor operation. In order to do this translation, you need another number to use in the Xor. This second number is called the key. Xor encryption is called a symmetric algorithm. This means that we can use the encryption key as the decryption key too. Lets use A as the key and encrypt the word Basic. The ASCII code for A is: 0100 0001 (decimal 65) The ASCII code for Basic is: B - 0100 0010a - 0110 0001s - 0111 0011i - 0110 1001c - 0110 0011 The Xor of each of these is: 0000 0011 - decimal 30010 0000 - decimal 320011 0010 - decimal 500010 1000 - decimal 400010 0010 - decimal 34 This little routine does the trick: -- Xor Encryption --Dim i As ShortResultString.Text Dim KeyChar As IntegerKeyChar Asc(EncryptionKey.Text)For i 1 To Len(InputString.Text)   ResultString.Text _      Chr(KeyChar Xor _      Asc(Mid(InputString.Text, i, 1)))Next The result can be seen in this illustration: --------Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return-------- To reverse the encryption, just copy and paste the string from the Result TextBox back into the String TextBox and click the button again. Another example of something you can do with bitwise operators is to swap two Integers without declaring a third variable for temporary storage. This is the kind of thing they used to do in assembly language programs years ago. Its not too useful now, but you might win a bet someday if you can find someone who doesnt believe you can do it. In any case, if you still have questions about how Xor works, working through this should put them to rest. Heres the code: Dim FirstInt As IntegerDim SecondInt As IntegerFirstInt CInt(FirstIntBox.Text)SecondInt CInt(SecondIntBox.Text)FirstInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntSecondInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntFirstInt FirstInt Xor SecondIntResultBox.Text First Integer: _   FirstInt.ToString - _   Second Integer: _   SecondInt.ToString And heres the code in action: --------Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return-------- Figuring out exactly why this works will be left as as an exercise for the student. On the next page, we reach the goal: General Bit Manipulation Although these tricks are fun and educational, theyre still no substitute for general bit manipulation. If you really get down to the level of bits, what you want is a way to examine individual bits, set them, or change them. Thats the real code that is missing from .NET. Perhaps the reason its missing is that its not that hard to write subroutines that accomplish the same thing. A typical reason you might want to do this is to maintain what is sometimes called a flag byte. Some applications, especially those written in low level languages like assembler, will maintain eight boolean flags in a single byte. For example, a 6502 processor chips status register holds this information in a single 8 bit byte: Bit 7. Negative flagBit 6. Overflow flagBit 5. UnusedBit 4. Break flagBit 3. Decimal flagBit 2. Interrupt-disable flagBit 1. Zero flagBit 0. Carry flag (from Wikipedia) If your code has to work with this kind of data, you need general purpose bit manipulation code. This code will do the job! The ClearBit Sub clears the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub ClearBit(ByRef MyByte, ByVal MyBit)   Dim BitMask As Int16   Create a bitmask with the 2 to the nth power bit set:   BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)   Clear the nth Bit:   MyByte MyByte And Not BitMaskEnd Sub The ExamineBit function will return True or False depending on the value of the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Function ExamineBit(ByVal MyByte, ByVal MyBit) As Boolean   Dim BitMask As Int16   BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)   ExamineBit ((MyByte And BitMask) 0)End Function The SetBit Sub will set the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub SetBit(ByRef MyByte, ByVal MyBit)   Dim BitMask As Int16   BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)   MyByte MyByte Or BitMaskEnd Sub The ToggleBit Sub will change the state of the 1 based, nth bit (MyBit) of an integer (MyByte).Sub ToggleBit(ByRef MyByte, ByV al MyBit)   Dim BitMask As Int16   BitMask 2 ^ (MyBit - 1)   MyByte MyByte Xor BitMaskEnd Sub To demonstrate the code, this routine calls it (parameters not coded on Click Sub): Private Sub ExBitCode_Click( ...   Dim Byte1, Byte2 As Byte   Dim MyByte, MyBit   Dim StatusOfBit As Boolean   Dim SelectedRB As String   StatusLine.Text    SelectedRB GetCheckedRadioButton(Me).Name   Byte1 ByteNum.Text Number to be converted into Bit Flags   Byte2 BitNum.Text Bit to be toggled   The following clears the high-order byte returns only the   low order byte:   MyByte Byte1 And HFF   MyBit Byte2   Select Case SelectedRB      Case ClearBitButton         ClearBit(MyByte, MyBit)         StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte      Case ExamineBitButton         StatusOfBit ExamineBit(MyByte, MyBit)         StatusLine.Text Bit MyBit _            is StatusOfBit      Case SetBitButton         SetBit(MyByte, MyBit)         StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte      Case ToggleBitButton         ToggleBit(MyByte, MyBit)         StatusLine.Text New Byte: MyByte   End SelectEnd SubPrivate Function GetCheckedRadioButton( _   ByVal Parent As Control) _   As RadioButton   Dim FormControl As Control   Dim RB As RadioButton   For Each FormControl In Parent.Controls      If FormControl.GetType() Is GetType(RadioButton) Then         RB DirectCast(FormControl, RadioButton)         If RB.Checked Then Return RB      End If   Next   Return NothingEnd Function The code in action looks like this: --------Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return--------
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Role of Design in Newspaper Design - 3844 Words
Introduction Newspaper is a publication which it main function is to report news. Most newspapers contain information for readers such as a weather report, television schedules, and also listing of stock prices. They also provide commentary on current politics, economics, and art and culture. In most cases newspaper depends on commercial advertising for their income at various degrees. By the time readers see or read a newspaper, most of them have already learned of the breaking news through television or radio. However, they rely on newspaper to provide details on information and analysis which was rarely offered by the television or radio. Newspaper does not only inform readers but also help readers to understand what led up to the†¦show more content†¦Berliner of midi: 470mm by 315mm commonly used by the European paper such as Le Monde in France, La Stampa in Italy and The Guardian in United Kingdom. Brief History of New Straits Times Known as Malaysias oldest newspaper, the weekly to newspaper eight-page newspaper (initially founded by the Armenian Catchick Moses with assistance from Robert Carr Woods) first published July 15, 1845 as ‘The Straits Times. A weekly circulation (Every Tuesday) priced at 10 sen of less than 200 copies were printed. The name was changed to Daily Times in 1858 went it was published daily as an afternoon paper. In 1883, Daily Times reverted to its original name The Straits Times reestablished as the New Straits Times in 1965. It served as the only broadsheet format English language newspaper in Malaysia until September 2004 when a tabloid version was published concurrently with the traditional broadsheet. In April 2005, the newspaper ended its 160-year-old tradition of broadsheet publication by solely publishing the tabloid size. How has newspaper design changed over time? In 1450, Johann Gutenberg invented a screw printing press adopting the idea from the wine press used since the Roman Empire. This invention has enable information and knowledge to be widely spread which wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Strength and Weakness of The Press1285 Words  | 6 PagesNewspaper, being one of the earliest mass media communication platforms, might be decreasing in popularity among the public. But even so, it keeps surviving by refining and improving itself in order to keep up with all the other medias. The current newspaper that we hold and read today has come a long way in developing itself. There is time when newspapers don’t make news like the way they do today, and there is also time when newspapers that are overly stuffed with too many advertisements don’tRead MoreEssay on Footwear International1020 Words  | 5 PagesDirector John Carlson, after he was shown the pro-Libyan newspaper article. 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Friday, December 13, 2019
Wisdom, Morality, and Meditation Free Essays
The Fourth Noble Truth is the Noble Eightfold Path, which is also referred to as â€Å"Magga. †The Noble Eightfold Path essentially has three main parts: Wisdom, Morality, and Meditation. These three sections represent the eight sections of the Noble Eightfold Path. We will write a custom essay sample on Wisdom, Morality, and Meditation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wisdom is broken down into â€Å"Right View†and â€Å"Right Intention. †Next, morality consists of â€Å"Right Speech,†â€Å"Right Action,†and â€Å"Right Livelihood. †Finally, meditation consists of â€Å"Right Effort,†â€Å"Right Mindfulness,†and â€Å"Right Concentration. †One may think that these eight parts must be followed in a specific order, however, all eight parts work mutually dependent of each other. Right View is a part of Wisdom and, according to our class lectures, is the â€Å"Middle Way between eternalism and nihilism; the emptiness of all things. †Right View distinguishes wholesome (beneficial) things from unwholesome (harmful) things. A few examples of unwholesome things from our class notes are: onslaught of living beings, taking what is not given, sensual misconduct, lying speech, divisive speech (idol speech), harsh speech, covetousness, and wrong view. The roots of unwholesomeness can be narrowed down to three things: greed and desire, hatred and anger, and ignorance and confusion. Thich Nhat Hanh describes the importance of Right View and what it is within chapter 9. Right View is known as samyag drishti. TNH talks about how seeds are planted within our bodies, and everyone has them. I thought it was the coolest analogy when TNH taught of these seeds within our bodies. It seems like everyone has each kind of seed of all different traits, but it depends on whether or not those seeds are watered within our bodies. He says: If you live in an environment where your seed of loyalty is watered, you will be a loyal person. But if your seed of betrayal is watered, you may betray even those you love. You’ll feel guilty about it, but if the seed of betrayal in you becomes strong, you may do it. (TNH, 51) This is such an amazing statement because I am a fairly strong believer that you are the product of your environment. Most people do whatever the â€Å"status quo†is in their neighborhood and rarely does anyone make a big jump to do something drastically different. I feel like all people are created the same, at least mentally, and it is up to the upbringing to form how someone acts in life. The reading of TNH’s chapter 9 discussed how it is up to the individual to decide which seed grows more than others within one’s body. In class we discussed how one can try to keep the seed of anger, for example, from growing. It is up to the individual to essentially stunt the seed of anger’s growth when one feels any possibility of anger coming in. While pushing the feeling of anger away, one should try to grow the seed of loving-kindness instead. Within my own life, I try to live by the idea of â€Å"killing people with kindness. †This is my third year as RA here on St. Bonaventure and when I confront a situation, I try to always be as nice as possible. There’s nothing better than when we are documenting a room for a violation, usually alcohol related, and being overly nice to them. They have no idea how to handle the niceness in the situation. It just makes the situation so much better in the long run. Most people act very mad and rude to us when they are being documented and they don’t expect us, the RA’s, to be nice to them, but when we are nice to them and don’t let their obscene â€Å"hate words†affect us, they don’t know what to do. I feel like this could be a small example of growing my seed of kindness because I could get very angry about the students calling me hateful names for simply doing my job. Instead, I try to do what TNH said in Chapter 10, â€Å"†¦replace an unwholesome thought with a wholesome one by ‘changing the peg,’ just as a carpenter replaces a rotten peg by hammering in a new one. †(TNH, 62) In this example of my RA duties, I replace the unwholesome thought of harsh speech with loving-kindness, compassion, and clarity (education) to why the students are being documented. Discussing â€Å"Morality†, I read a part in which Kornfield was talking about his teacher, Maha Ghosananda (the Gandhi of Cambodia). Kornfield was telling how his teacher would teach the survivors of the 1975-88 genocide in Cambodia practices of compassion and loving-kindness for their own loss and that of others. He said, â€Å"You have lost so much. Now you know how precious everything is in this world. You must love again and let new things grow. †(Kornfield, 81) This quote can be related to â€Å"Right View,†but more importantly the concept of compassion which is within â€Å"Right Conduct†or â€Å"Morality. I absolutely love this quote because I feel like way too many people take their great lives for granted. I am sad to say that I am sometimes right in that category of people. I am always humbled so much when I meet someone who has endured a great amount of pain, or those who have already had cancer and are the same age as me. Right now, while at college I have two close friends who have already battled cancer and are now back at college. It makes me feel like I should be so incredibly thankful for the life that I have been blessed with. Many times one can become attached to something that is not all that important. Meditation can resolve this. In chapter 12 of TNH, it talks about how we have become so efficient and able to talk to places on the other side of the planet, however, he also explains that people have a harder time with one-on-one interactions and speech nowadays. This is an example of becoming attached to technology instead of listening and speaking with people in person. When reading through Kornfield’s 24th chapter, I noticed the stories about Dipama Barua, one of the greatest meditators of the Theravada lineage. They told of how she lost two out of three of her young children to illness and lost her husband due to a heart attack soon after. Most people would feel like there is no longer a reason to live after something like that, and she was one of those people. However, after a year of lying in bed full of grief, she started doing meditation and then eventually became a master of meditation. (Kornfield 382-384) Kornfield had gone to see Dipama and had such an encounter! When he was leaving from seeing her, she touched him and said a 10 minute prayer in which he started to have a realization and see everything in a positive light. After this, he could not stop smiling at everything. (Kornfield 382-384) This encounter between Kornfield and Dipama reminds me of times that I feel like nothing can go right, but all it takes is seeing and talking to someone who you really like and respect. Then, after talking to this one person, you have a totally new positive outlook on life. This short story tells me that how you go through life is all about perspective. This â€Å"halt†in life represents a meditation. Sometimes one has to take a break from their busy lives and just reflect on their life and spirituality. When I have done this in the past, it feels so incredibly rewarding to just take a break from things and reflect on how great life is. When one is thinking about the Noble Eight-Fold Path, one has to remember that all of the â€Å"Rights†link into each other. We need to be compassionate for others, practice loving-kindness, and embrace wisdom, morality, and meditation within our lives to better understand everything. How to cite Wisdom, Morality, and Meditation, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Anorexia and the media free essay sample
The Connection Between the Rise in Online Media and Anorexia in Young Woman Abstract Today, social media has expanded to many online medias, giving possible rise to anorexia among young women. In order to test this, an experiment testing womans likeability to eat food after viewing images of skinny woman, is created. In the experiment, a control group of randomized woman are asked to view a slide show exposing them to images of unrealistically skinny woman, selected from various online websites. The other group of woman is exposed to images of savory foods from around the world, also found online. Both slide shows are shown in the same room, but alternate for each woman that walks in. This is to ensure randomization. In the next room woman are offered food set out on a table while they await a survey they believe will take place in the next room. This experiment will test the likelihood of the women who view the images of the skinny models to eat the food from the waiting room. As hypothesized, the women who viewed the images of the models opted out of eating the food in the waiting room, while the women who viewed the food slide show did not resist the waiting room food. Eating disorders are growing rampantly in western civilization and are present in four out of ten individuals, of those four, 0. 9% of woman will struggle specifically with anorexia. (Ekern, 2012) Anorexia Nervosa can be defined as the loss of appetite caused by psychological illness. Young women who suffer from anorexia nervosa have a body image disturbance which leads to dangerous dietary routines and a skewed perception of the body. Namely, these young women are taking the saying you can never be too thin to dangerous extremes. These negative perceptions can e linked with the exposure to unrealistic portrayals of women in the media. Cox, 1997) Sufferers of anorexia believe that the images present in media, such as magazines and television ads, are the true representation of the ideal woman, and therefore look to embody it. In the Cosmopolitan article, Do Models Cause Anorexia? affected by images of thin models, because they do not possess a critical faculty to read the image or e valuate its meaning. (Cox,1997). A study by Burke uses popular Australian womans media to explore the source of anorexia. This study confirms the elief that falsified images in the media lead to anorexia. In the past, images that caused young women to develop a negative self image, were limited to two types of media, print media (news papers, magazines, billboards etc. ) and broadcasted media (television shows and commercials). A study conducted by Ahlers and John Henssen shows that in the past 50 years, a major decline in dependency on newspapers for news has taken place. As a result, newspaper and magazine agencies have responded by going online themselves to recapture lost revenues and leverage their ability to reach consumers both on and offline. Ahlers,2005) Essentially creating an online market for advertisements that present the same images seen in the traditional mediums. Online media is more easily accessible than traditional media and young women are now privvy to the distorted images portrayed in the media at the push of a few computer keyboard keys. The idea of manipulation through media was the platform for online media advertisements. (Reaves,2001) At first, the images g irls would see in the traditional media was brought on by the producers and advertisers that looked to increase lost revenue in traditional media by launching it online. Thus the traditional magazines and newspapers were transformed to online editorial websites. (Ahlers,2005) The advertisements, on these websites, birthed an array of online medias that reinforce the skewed image of a perfect body. (Reaves, 2001) Today, social media has expanded to online magazines, fashion blogs, social networking websites, Online shopping catalogs, websites broadcasting live fashion runway showings and model profiles, plus many more sites giving rise to anorexia among young women. (Cook and Chamberlian,2012) These websites have led to the creation of pro -anorexia websites, also known as Pro-Ana. (Tierney,2006). Pro-Ana websites have opened new possibilities for blow by blow instructions on achieving the desired weight loss through extreme dieting, and chat rooms specifically designed to promote anorexia. (Tierney,2006). Girls are more exposed to anorexia as a result. Considering the high rate of anorexia of girls who look at media, (Cox, 1997) we see that theres a rise in social media, (Ahlers,2005) therefore it is reasonable to believe that anorexia will increase because of higher rates of exposure to social media. This paper will explore the rise of online media and its relation to the rowing rate of anorexia among young women. Method 1000 Woman of all ages and physiques participated in this study. Woman range from the ages 14 to 30. 20 random malls were selected out of 50 malls across the united states, 50 from each mall participate in order to get a mixed population and thus better results. The malls were selected by means of the national mall database and the use of a random number generator. The selected women ranged in all different types of socio economic scales and multiple ethnicities, including Caucasian, Latino, Asian, European, and African American, Native American. Each condition will have 500 woman participants, that are randomly assigned to each group. Measures In order to investigate the possibility that images of woman found in online media determine the ideal body image for young woman and ultimately lead to anorexia, two groups of participants will be exposed to a variety of different images, and will be asked to go to the next room where food will be present. Independent variable is the images that are presented. Dependent variable is the amount of food each participant chooses to eat. Half the participants are exposed to the images of holesome and mouthwatering foods, while the other participants are exposed to images of skinny models. The manipulation is done through the images (V) to see which group of participants will eat more of the food presented in the next room. The dependent variable, food, is measured by how much food each participant ate. This will be measured by only putting out 10 chocolate chip cookies, 30 little pretzels, 20 strawberries, 5 plain bagels with plain cream cheese, 1 apple, a pack of Doritos chips (aprox 20 chips). Each amount of food is looked at to see how much the participant te. The rooms used to show the images are the same exact room. The images are shown on a slide show on a computer, each slide show being different for the control group. The room holding the food is the same room, and the food is exactly the same. Procedure This is a quasistatistical between subjects experimental design. The conditions were randomly assigned to the experiment rooms, causing for nonequivalent groups. The room included one computer that would alternate between the foods and models slide shows to ensure randomization. All the woman did not get to choose which lide show they saw, further making it random. 1000 woman were selected. One group will be exposed to images of thin, beautiful, happy looking woman, while the other group will be exposed to pictures of savory foods from around the world. Both groups will then have to go to a waiting room and told that the real experiment will take place in the next room. In the waiting room a table with an array of different foods will be made available for the participants to indulge in. Each woman is told that she will look at some images on a slide show and will be asked questions about the images in the next room. After each woman finished viewing the slide show, she was escorted to the next room which was referred to as the waiting room until they can enter the next room to answer questions about the slide. This room includes a two way mirror that reveals whether the woman indulges in the food on the table or keeps away. A couch is made available to the woman to sit on, right next to the food. The woman are left in the waiting room for a total of 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the debriefing takes process. In which the women are told that the experiment tested had were answered as part of the debriefing. Discussion By the end of this 3 week study, the woman who were exposed to the images of skinny models chose not to eat the food in the waiting room, while most of the woman exposed to the images of food, chose to eat. The woman who were exposed to the images of food, not only ate the food, but did so within the first five minutes. The experimental group (exposed to images of models) did as predicted, and did not touch the food. Further showing that images of skinny woman in the media lead to the rise in anorexia. Society can learn from this by lessening the exposure of such images to young girls. These images create a loss of appetite. Limitations This experiment is limited by the inexperience of the researcher. This is the first research conducted by the team. No prior background information was done over the women participants, this may have exposed a preexisting eating disorder that could have changed the results of this experiment. Alternative images could have also been shown, it is possible that woman who viewed the images of food only became hungry because of the food and not their attitude towards being skinny. Although a statistically significant difference was observed within the two conditions, the three- eek time period of this study isnt long enough to show the lasting impacts exposing woman to images of skinny unrealistic woman. Future Research It would be interesting to further explore these unrealistic images that effect individuals. In the next research, further research on the effect on men would be In the further research on men, one could set up the same experiment, only this time creating a slide show of pictures of men who look muscley. This of course would promote exercise, which may seem healthy but it may lead men to over exercise and turn to steroids. Another interesting subject to further research would be to test lder woman, and see how they are effected by the same images the woman in this experiment viewed. Does this create the same effect on older woman?
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